For additional information visit Linking to and Using Content from MedlinePlus. Any duplication or distribution of the information contained herein is strictly prohibited without authorization. The failure of bone most commonly results from an acute event with the application of usually sudden, tensile force to the bone through the soft tissue, or when chronic. A fracture is a discontinuity in a bone (or cartilage) resulting from mechanical forces that exceed the bones ability to withstand them. Links to other sites are provided for information only - they do not constitute endorsements of those other sites. An avulsion fracture is a failure of bone in which a bone fragment is pulled away from its main body by soft tissue that is attached to it.12 Avulsion fractures can occur in any area where soft tissue is attached to bone. A licensed physician should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions. The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. This site complies with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information: verify here. Learn more about A.D.A.M.'s editorial policy editorial process and privacy policy. is among the first to achieve this important distinction for online health information and services. follows rigorous standards of quality and accountability. is accredited by URAC, for Health Content Provider (URAC's accreditation program is an independent audit to verify that A.D.A.M. If the person is conscious and experiencing any of the previously listed symptoms, transport to the nearest emergency medical facility (even if the person does not think medical help is needed).Ī.D.A.M., Inc.Most commonly fractures occur in the setting of a normal bone with acute overwhelming force, usually in the setting of trauma. 'neck of femur fracture', may be written as 'NOF'. the hash symbol, although it is still pronounced as fracture, e.g. If the person is vomiting, stabilize the head and neck, and carefully turn the victim to the side to prevent choking on vomit. A fracture is often written as in medical shorthand, i.e.Instead, apply more cloths on top, and continue to apply pressure. If blood soaks through, do not remove the original cloth.If there is bleeding, apply firm pressure with a clean cloth over a broad area to control blood loss, but do not apply pressure directly onto a suspected skull fracture.It can be hard to know if the skull is fractured or depressed (dented in) at the site of injury. Carefully check the site of injury, but do not probe in or around the site with a foreign object.Do not allow the head to bend forward or backward, or to twist or turn. Place your hands on both sides of the head and under the shoulders. If the person must be moved, take care to stabilize the head and neck.Have someone call 911 (or the local emergency number) for medical assistance. Avoid moving the person (unless absolutely necessary) until medical help arrives.If necessary, begin rescue breathing and CPR. Check the airways, breathing, and circulation.Once closed reduction is accomplished, the bone is immobilized by application of a cast or by an apparatus exerting traction on the distal end of the bone.Take the following steps if you think someone has a skull fracture: A fracture may also require internal fixation with pins, nails, metal plates, or screws to stabilize the alignment. Open fractures are highly contaminated and must be débrided and copiously irrigated in the operating room. Closed reduction is performed by manual manipulation of the fractured bone so that the fragments are brought into proper alignment no surgical incision is made. Fractures heal with normal bone, not with scar tissue. Fracture healing is truly a process of regeneration. Later it will be treated by reduction, which means that the broken ends are pulled into alignment and the continuity of the bone is established so that healing can take place. Immediate first aid consists of splinting the bone with no attempt to reduce the fracture it should be splinted “as it lies,” which means supporting it in such a way that the injured part will remain steady and will resist jarring if the victim is moved.
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